Moscariello et al (2014), reported in Panel 3.26 in relation to assessment of default risk, do not find that mandatory IFRS adoption has an overall effect on the cost of debt, which is measured aggregating bonds and loans. The effect that they find, for the Italian firms in their sample, but not for the UK firms, is that IFRS adoption allows lenders to discriminate better among borrowers; this may lead to either a higher or a lower cost of borrowing.