Motivations
The human ability to understand and use language remains one of the unsolved mysteries of modern science. Language is one of the crucial aspects of human intelligence; in fact, some have argued that it is the central aspect (e.g., Fodor, 1975; Johnson, 1987; Lakoff & Johnson,1980; Whorf, 1956; Wittgenstein, 1968). Although the human language processing system has been studied extensively by researchers from a number of perspectives, including technical, social, and psychological perspectives, it is still unclear how humans process language and even what a scientific theory or explanation of this ability might look like.
In this volume, we focus on one of the tasks that the human language processing system is responsible for--reading. By reading we mean the task that takes as its input a body of text in a natural language [1] and produces as its output an understanding of that text. An obvious question to be addressed is the nature of this understanding: what is it, how it is represented, for what and how it is used, and how it might be measured. Another important question is the nature of the task itself: how is it carried out, what its constituent tasks are, and how we (as researchers) might describe this task and how it works. Implicit in this approach is the assumption that a theory of reading must account not only for what reading produces as its result (an understanding of the given text) but also how exactly reading works such that it can produce the said result from the given text. In other words, we seek an explanatory theory or model of the reading process and not simply a descriptive account.
Our goal is to address the problem of reading comprehension--processing and understanding a natural language text, narrative or story. This constrains our endeavor in two ways. First, an account of reading must explain how the reader can understand text, that is, understand the situations described in the text, explain who did what to whom, and how, and why, and construct a coherent interpretation of the text that "makes sense." A theory which focuses, for example, only on syntactic parsing of sentences is, by this metric, not a theory of reading comprehension or text understanding, although it might certainly be an important piece of a complete theory. The second constraint is that an account of reading must explain how the reader can understand "real" natural language texts�narratives, stories, newspaper articles, dialogs, advertisements, and so on. This rules out models which focus only on the processing of single sentences taken out of context or of small researcher-constructed "stories." Although such models are certainly important in that they provide crucial stepping stones towards the "big picture" and may even be a piece of the complete theory of reading, they do not by themselves constitute a satisfactory account of the human reading capability. Methodologically, of course, researchers must often concentrate on narrower subtasks of the reading process (such as syntactic parsing, or explanation construction, or belief modeling) and/or on a narrower range of textual inputs (such as individual sentences, or short newspaper articles, or simple question-and-answer scenarios); the point is that the eventual goal of the endeavor that has come to be known as natural language processing (NLP) is to produce a theory of reading comprehension "in the large.
โต่งมนุษย์สามารถเข้าใจ และใช้ภาษายังคงลึกลับวิทยาศาสตร์สมัยใหม่ยังไม่ได้แก้ไข ภาษาเป็นด้านหนึ่งสำคัญของปัญญามนุษย์ ในความเป็นจริง บางได้โต้เถียงว่า เป็นด้านกลาง (เช่น Fodor, 1975 Johnson, 1987 Lakoff & Johnson, 1980 Whorf, 1956 Wittgenstein, 1968) แม้ว่าระบบประมวลผลภาษามนุษย์มีการศึกษาอย่างกว้างขวาง โดยนักวิจัยจากมุมมองต่าง ๆ รวมถึงมุมมองทางเทคนิค สังคม และจิตใจ ได้ยังไม่ชัดเจนว่ามนุษย์ประมวลผลภาษาและแม้ว่าทฤษฎีทางวิทยาศาสตร์หรือคำอธิบายของความสามารถนี้อาจดูเหมือนIn this volume, we focus on one of the tasks that the human language processing system is responsible for--reading. By reading we mean the task that takes as its input a body of text in a natural language [1] and produces as its output an understanding of that text. An obvious question to be addressed is the nature of this understanding: what is it, how it is represented, for what and how it is used, and how it might be measured. Another important question is the nature of the task itself: how is it carried out, what its constituent tasks are, and how we (as researchers) might describe this task and how it works. Implicit in this approach is the assumption that a theory of reading must account not only for what reading produces as its result (an understanding of the given text) but also how exactly reading works such that it can produce the said result from the given text. In other words, we seek an explanatory theory or model of the reading process and not simply a descriptive account.Our goal is to address the problem of reading comprehension--processing and understanding a natural language text, narrative or story. This constrains our endeavor in two ways. First, an account of reading must explain how the reader can understand text, that is, understand the situations described in the text, explain who did what to whom, and how, and why, and construct a coherent interpretation of the text that "makes sense." A theory which focuses, for example, only on syntactic parsing of sentences is, by this metric, not a theory of reading comprehension or text understanding, although it might certainly be an important piece of a complete theory. The second constraint is that an account of reading must explain how the reader can understand "real" natural language texts�narratives, stories, newspaper articles, dialogs, advertisements, and so on. This rules out models which focus only on the processing of single sentences taken out of context or of small researcher-constructed "stories." Although such models are certainly important in that they provide crucial stepping stones towards the "big picture" and may even be a piece of the complete theory of reading, they do not by themselves constitute a satisfactory account of the human reading capability. Methodologically, of course, researchers must often concentrate on narrower subtasks of the reading process (such as syntactic parsing, or explanation construction, or belief modeling) and/or on a narrower range of textual inputs (such as individual sentences, or short newspaper articles, or simple question-and-answer scenarios); the point is that the eventual goal of the endeavor that has come to be known as natural language processing (NLP) is to produce a theory of reading comprehension "in the large.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
