Evidence grade Condition to which grade level applies
A
High cholesterol
Monacolins, compounds found in red yeast rice extract (RYRE), have been found to have health benefits since the early 1980s. In particular, monacolin K has been marketed as lovastatin and mevinolin. However, due to the large number of compounds that may lower cholesterol other than monacolin K, the cholesterol-lowering mechanism is still unclear. It has been suggested that RYR may block absorption of cholesterol, promote the clearance of cholesterol, or exert antioxidant effects. Overall, results suggest that red yeast rice (RYR) products may lower levels of total and LDL cholesterol in people with high cholesterol. Some studies also suggest increases in HDL cholesterol. More information on long-term safety and effectiveness is needed.
C
Coronary heart disease
Human studies suggest that RYR use may improve blood flow through widened vessels and reduced inflammation. However, further research is needed in order to determine the effect of RYR on heart disease symptoms and mortality.
C
Diabetes
Although it has not been well studied in humans, RYR has been found to reduce blood sugar and increase insulin in animal research. Early human studies also suggest that RYR may have benefits in diabetes. Further research is needed before firm conclusions can be made.
C
Fatty liver
Early evidence suggests that RYR may benefit liver health in people who have diabetes. However, more studies are needed before conclusions can be made.