Figure 1.
Molecular pathways regulated by PGE2 that are inhibited by aspirin. PGE2 promotes cancer
cell growth by binding to its EP receptors and modulating signaling pathways downstream
of its receptors. In addition to binding Axin (58), the EP4 receptor activates PI3K which
phosphorylates GSK-3β to promote β-catenin-mediated transcription (40). PGE2 signaling is
also implicated in c-Src and β-arrestin-mediated transactivation of EGFR and upregulation
of the RAS-RAF-MAPK pathway (59)