Therefore, we examined whether clavanin A and clavanin-MO were capable of inducing the migration of leukocytes to the infection focus and if these peptides could promote leukocyte recruitment into the intraperitoneal cavity of healthy mice and mice infected with either E. coli ATCC 8739 or S. aureus ATCC 29213. As seen in Fig. 2D, there was a substantial and significant peptide-induced increase in the number of leukocytes in the peritoneal fluid of healthy animals, similar to leukocyte migration induced by positive controls groups treated with thioglycolate (TGA). In mice not treated with peptide and infected with E. coli ATCC 8739 (Fig. 2E) and S. aureus ATCC 29213 there was a large increase in leukocyte counts in the peritoneal cavity 24 hours post infection, likely reflecting the establishment of the infection in mice. In peptide treated groups, the peak of leukocyte migration was observed much earlier, only 3 h post-infection in both healthy and infected mice (Fig. 2D–F). Interestingly, leukocyte numbers were significantly reduced in peptide treated mice 24 hours post-infection, similar to levels seen in mice treated with the β-lactam antibiotic imipenem (Fig. 2E,F). This can be attributed to the resolution of the bacterial infection in mice treated with peptides clavanin A and clavanin-MO, consistent with our bacterial cell count results