Lack of clarity in how to implement reforms
First, it is not uncommon for local actors lack information about their basic duties following decentralization. Such confusion stalls participatory and consultative processes at the local level and thus delays accomplishment of meaningful results. In Luang Prabang, Laos, district forest officials and village leaders assumed authority for land use zoning and allocation of forest and agricultural land, but without detailed implementing guidelines to direct them. Most villages at the study site have produced public maps showing land use boundaries after land allocation. However, they have not posted any rules of regulations, probably because officials are uncertain about the feasibility of the new system and their ability to enforce land use restrictions. In Dak Lak province, Vietnam, local agencies and farmers groups are trying to implement the new Water Law which recognizes the role of multiple stakeholders in water management. Water Users Associations even have a legal status under Vietnam is Law on Cooperatives. However, in the absence of detailed regulations to guide their activities, they do not have clear rights to manage irrigation schemes or clear accountability relations with government agencies.