Upon immunization, all animals developed ASFV-specific anti-bodies that resulted in positive or doubtful reactions in both antibody ELISAs (results of the p73 antibody ELISA are depicted in Fig. 1). Strongest reactions were seen in animals vaccinated with Emulsigen D adjuvanted virus preparations (≥80% inhibition in the p73 antibody ELISA, and Percent Positivity (PP) valuesover 95 in the p30 antibody ELISA). Emulsigen D contains DDA as additional immunostimulant that was previously shown to induce strong responses in pigs [17] what could explain the superior-ity in humoral responses. Following challenge infection with the homologues ASFV, no protective effect was observed irrespective of the vaccine preparation. All animals developed an acute lethal course of ASF with high fever (see Fig. 2), depression, reduced feedintake, slight central nervous signs, and conjunctivitis. Some animals showed in addition gastro-intestinal and respiratory signs. Allanimals succumbed to infection within 12 days and showed path-omorphological lesions indicative for ASF including enlarged andhaemorrhagic gastro-hepatic lymphnodes and lung oedema. Virusand genome detection was comparable among animals with strongpositive reactions from 5 dpc (data not shown). Following chal-lenge infection, antibodies dropped in several immunized animalsindicating consumption. These reactions were most pronounced ingroup T01 at 5 dpc. In this group only one animal remained doubt-ful at 5 dpc (see Fig. 1). All but one of the vaccinated animals waspositive by the day of euthanasia. No antibodies could be detectedin the controls (see Fig. 1).