when it was more than 12 lm due to film lift-off from FTO
glass after the calcination process. On the other hand, the resistance
decreased remarkably with increasing TiO2 film thickness
(Fig. 4(b)), but the W-typed DSSM efficiency decreased. In general,
the efficiency increases with decreasing resistance in solar cells
which are connected in parallel. The efficiency of W-typed DSSM
composed of two cells was 5.4% at a 12 lm TiO2 film thickness
with a 5 mm TiO2 film width.