The common names for domesticated peppers vary from region to region, and among different
ethnic groups; therefore use of common names may not be a reliable indicator of species.
There are also regional differences in use of the common name “pepper.”
For example, “chili” is the generic name for pepper (regardless of whether sweet or hot) in Mexico and Central America. The name“chili” is derived from the Nahuatl dialect of Mexico.
Throughout South America, the generic name for
pepper is “aji” or “axi,” and the Quechuan word “ucha” is still used by some Indian groups of Inca
origin.
These regional names can provide clues to the geographic origins of some of the less
commonly cultivated peppers (for example, ‘Kellu Uchu,’ which originates from Peru).
When the species identification is in question, the grower should consult a dichotomous key in order to make
proper identification.
Even when a key is used, it is important to note that the taxonomic
classification of peppers is a study in progress, especially as modern research methods such as
molecular biology are employed.
Traditional methods of identifying the relationships between species
are based primarily on flower characteristics. The following is a brief description of the major
domesticated species with some of their identifying characteristics