Trade liberalization was another hallmark of doi moi.
Under the centrally planned system, external trade was tightly
controlled by the government and heavily skewed toward the
Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.
All foreign trade transactions had to be channeled through central
state trading corporations.
Prices, meanwhile, were administered by the government and
targets were fixed for both imports and exports.
Adding to the difficulty of trading, a complex system of multiple
exchange rates was maintained .