5. Conclusion
The findings established that native plant species provide better all year-round food resources
according to frequency of plant parts (to attract insects, fruits, grains, nectar) comparatively, for urban
birds based on their physical characteristics (multi-stem plants, dense canopy and evergreen). The
attributes of ornamental vegetation also contribute to provide the habitat elements such as food plant and
cover for urban birds. Thus, it helps to improve the bird habitat and promote the biodiversity in urban
forest parks. It enhances the functional and significant values of urban park especially in providing space
for active, semi-active or passive activities to urban dwellers. This is especially true where bird watching
can be one of the activities that contribute psychological values to urban living by means of providing the
sustainable urban environment to urban community. Other than that, the significant values of urban parks
contribute to provide a good quality of environment by preserving nature for wildlife and urban dwellers.
Practitioners especially landscape architects could incorporate the ecological approach in any attempts
to conserve wildlife habitat and encourage biodiversity in urban forest parks. In urban park design,
ecological planning that integrates the native plant data is a crucial necessity in order to maintain and
balance the biodiversity; and to benefit the urban bird species. Practitioners should aware on what species
they should focus, the physical characteristics of the plant species and its dietary types. Other than that,
the selection of ornamental plants comprises of variation of plant types (ground covers, vine tangles, low
plants, small shrubs or canopy trees) also help the space to fully utilise; either to provide food resources
or shelter in order to offer biodiversity for sustainable urban community.
As part of urban ecosystem, forest parks provide numerous tangible and non-tangible benefits for
societal needs and ecosystem health. The findings reaffirm that urban forest parks should cater for both
human-centered activities and as bird habitats through selection of native plants. It is envisaged that the
study will contribute to the knowledge of landscape architecture discipline and be adopted as an urban
conservation strategy towards sustainable urban living. Future research on the benefits of conserving
to both human and wildlife, and how it can get advantage from the connections to the
overall landscape should be more explored.
5. Conclusion
The findings established that native plant species provide better all year-round food resources
according to frequency of plant parts (to attract insects, fruits, grains, nectar) comparatively, for urban
birds based on their physical characteristics (multi-stem plants, dense canopy and evergreen). The
attributes of ornamental vegetation also contribute to provide the habitat elements such as food plant and
cover for urban birds. Thus, it helps to improve the bird habitat and promote the biodiversity in urban
forest parks. It enhances the functional and significant values of urban park especially in providing space
for active, semi-active or passive activities to urban dwellers. This is especially true where bird watching
can be one of the activities that contribute psychological values to urban living by means of providing the
sustainable urban environment to urban community. Other than that, the significant values of urban parks
contribute to provide a good quality of environment by preserving nature for wildlife and urban dwellers.
Practitioners especially landscape architects could incorporate the ecological approach in any attempts
to conserve wildlife habitat and encourage biodiversity in urban forest parks. In urban park design,
ecological planning that integrates the native plant data is a crucial necessity in order to maintain and
balance the biodiversity; and to benefit the urban bird species. Practitioners should aware on what species
they should focus, the physical characteristics of the plant species and its dietary types. Other than that,
the selection of ornamental plants comprises of variation of plant types (ground covers, vine tangles, low
plants, small shrubs or canopy trees) also help the space to fully utilise; either to provide food resources
or shelter in order to offer biodiversity for sustainable urban community.
As part of urban ecosystem, forest parks provide numerous tangible and non-tangible benefits for
societal needs and ecosystem health. The findings reaffirm that urban forest parks should cater for both
human-centered activities and as bird habitats through selection of native plants. It is envisaged that the
study will contribute to the knowledge of landscape architecture discipline and be adopted as an urban
conservation strategy towards sustainable urban living. Future research on the benefits of conserving
to both human and wildlife, and how it can get advantage from the connections to the
overall landscape should be more explored.
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