These devices are becoming more powerful
and are being used in a variety of ways.
Lenheart, Ling, Campbell, and Purcell (2010)
stated, “cell phones are not just about calling or
texting — with expanding functionality, phones
have become multimedia recording devices and
pocket-sized Internet connected computers”
(p. 5). Similarly, the 2012 Horizon Report
(Johnson, Adams, & Cummins, 2012) describes
the increased uses of MCDs, (i.e. cellphones,
smartphones, and tablet computers) in school
districts across the United States and Canada in
all grade levels and across disciplines.