4. Conclusions
High-solids loading would improve the cost-efficiency of biofuel
production from lignocellulose. Despite the benefits of highsolids
loading, the absorptiveness of the biomass still creates bottle-
necks. Here, using a 25% biomass, with 30 FPU/g cellulose, in
SSF for 56 h produced 63.4 ± 1.0 g/L ethanol with a standard impeller,
and 69.2 ± 1.6 g/L ethanol with an angled-type impeller II; the
latter also enhanced the speed of ethanol production. Our process
allowed production of 169 kg of anhydrous ethanol (99.7%) from
1000 kg of Miscanthus (Fig. 5).
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the New & Renewable Energy
Technology Development Program of the Korea Institute of Energy
Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) Grant funded by the
Korea government Ministry of Knowledge Economy (No.
20133010091700) and research funds of Chonbuk National University
in 2013.