The burgeoning of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal issue and climate change have drawn massive
attention from people. On the one hand, Hong Kong is facing a controversial debate over the implementation
of proposed landfill extension (LFE) and advanced incineration facility (AIF) to curb the MSW disposal issue.
On the other hand, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government is taking concerted efforts to
reduce the carbon intensity in this region. This paper discusses the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from
four proposed waste disposal scenarios, covering the proposed LFE and AIF within a defined system boundary.
On the basis of the data collected, assumptions made, and system boundary defined in this study, the
results indicate that AIF releases less GHG emissions than LFE. The GHG emissions from LFE are highly contributed
by the landfill methane (CH4) emissions but offset by biogenic carbon storage, while the GHG emissions
from AIF are mostly due to the stack discharge system but offset by the energy recovery system. Furthermore,
parametric sensitivity analyses show that GHG emissions are strongly dependent on the landfill CH4 recovery
rate, types of electricity displaced by energy recovery systems, and the heating value of MSW, altering the
order of preferred waste disposal scenarios. This evaluation provides valuable insights into the applicability
of a policy framework for MSW management practices in reducing GHG emissions.
The burgeoning of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal issue and climate change have drawn massiveattention from people. On the one hand, Hong Kong is facing a controversial debate over the implementationof proposed landfill extension (LFE) and advanced incineration facility (AIF) to curb the MSW disposal issue.On the other hand, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government is taking concerted efforts toreduce the carbon intensity in this region. This paper discusses the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions fromfour proposed waste disposal scenarios, covering the proposed LFE and AIF within a defined system boundary.On the basis of the data collected, assumptions made, and system boundary defined in this study, theresults indicate that AIF releases less GHG emissions than LFE. The GHG emissions from LFE are highly contributedby the landfill methane (CH4) emissions but offset by biogenic carbon storage, while the GHG emissionsfrom AIF are mostly due to the stack discharge system but offset by the energy recovery system. Furthermore,parametric sensitivity analyses show that GHG emissions are strongly dependent on the landfill CH4 recoveryrate, types of electricity displaced by energy recovery systems, and the heating value of MSW, altering theorder of preferred waste disposal scenarios. This evaluation provides valuable insights into the applicabilityof a policy framework for MSW management practices in reducing GHG emissions.
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