Luther’s conception of freedom for all people in the civil sphere hardly found exemplary expression in Germany or the Scandinavian countries, where the Lutheran churches enjoyed a status both favored and established. Present-day Lutheranism to a considerable extent has been liberated and has become a liberating faith. Calvinism has fared rather better, despite a checkered history, as stimulus and tutor to human rights. Calvinism did spawn some excess of theocratic suppression of liberties in Geneva and Massachusetts, while paradoxically giving rise to the political movement of covenanted, responsible democracy. (it is not coincident that the constitutional document of Woodrow Wilson’s League of Nation was called the Covenant, and the covenant concept persist in the United Nation’s program to further human rights.)