Hypertensive Retinopathy
Hypertension if untreated causes organ damage such as eye. Hypertensive retinopathy is retinal vascular damage caused by hypertension. Acute BP elevation typically causes reversible vasoconstriction in retinal blood vessels, and hypertensive crisis may cause optic disk edema.Hypetensive retinopathy includes two disease processes. The acute effects of systemic arterial hypertension are a result of vasospasm to autoregulate perfusion. The chronic effects of hypertension are caused by arteriosclerosis and predispose patients to visual loss from vascular occlusions or macroaneurysms.
Primary Hypertension
Primary hypertension or essential hypertension is a natural progression of blood pressure that suggests early elevations in blood volume and cardiac output might initiate subsequent changes in the systemic vasculature (increased resistance). It may develop as a result of environmental or genetic causes, or secondary, which has multiple etiologies, including renal, vascular, and endocrine causes.
Secondary Hypertension
Secondary hypertension is a type of hypertension which by definition is caused by an identifiable underlying secondary cause. The causes may include Obesity, Cardiovascular conditions like atherosclerosis, abuse of alcohol or drugs and thyroid disorders.