SampleThe study population is crisis communication research articles in communication and business journals from 1992 to2011. Sampled articles were stratified by five-year periods (fewer crisis communication articles were published in theearly 1990s than in the 2000s). Articles were accessed through the SummonTMelectronic database search engine using thekeyword “crisis communication” to identify articles from scholarly publications with full text available online, but excludingbook reviews, opinion pieces, and bibliographic issues. The 1992–2011 time span encompassed the early-1990s emergenceof the concept of “interdisciplinarity” in the academy, and crisis communication theories have evolved since