Conventionally, the finances of the PPP project in highway infrastructure can be divided into two very interrelated aspects. The first is the capital for a project development. Capital structure and the mechanism of funds attraction are the main research problems of this aspect. The second is the income derived from the operation of the project, which is used to repay the capital and operating costs, and it is revenue of the project. Sources of revenue, the mechanism and the conditions of revenue acquisition are the main research problems of this aspect.
firms trade off the benefits of debt financing against higher interest rate and bankruptcy costs
Defining debt as the dominant type of capital in the PPP structure of the highway project, we will focus our attention on the process of raising capital for the project. The key factor of the project attractiveness for investors and lenders is specific risk return profiles that largely depend on economic and financial characteristics of the projects, which depend on infrastructure sector and the physical infrastructure assets features. Highway infrastructure projects have the following features, which make investments in highway facilities less attractive: