one solution mes to the topological problem lies in a family of enzymes called DNA topoisomerases. These enzymes catalyze changes in DNA topology by altering the linkage of DNA strands.This is accomplished via a mechanism of transient DNA strand breakage and religation. During an initial transesterification reaction, these enzymes form a covalent linkage between their active site tyrosyl residues and one end of cleaved DNA strand. This conserves the energy of the original phosphodiester backbone bond and creates a protein-linked break in the DNA.A second transesterification reaction between the free hydroxyl terminus of the noncovalently bound DNA strand and the phosphotyrosine linkage reseals the break in the DNA. Usually, this second reaction restores the original phosphodiester bond;however, under certain conditions, DNA topoisomerases may be induced to transfer one end of a DNA to a different DNA end.In the case of site specific recombinases, such as Flp in yeast, this transfer of DNA strands is precisely regulated to effect the integration and/or excision of DNA at specific sites.
one solution mes to the topological problem lies in a family of enzymes called DNA topoisomerases. These enzymes catalyze changes in DNA topology by altering the linkage of DNA strands.This is accomplished via a mechanism of transient DNA strand breakage and religation. During an initial transesterification reaction, these enzymes form a covalent linkage between their active site tyrosyl residues and one end of cleaved DNA strand. This conserves the energy of the original phosphodiester backbone bond and creates a protein-linked break in the DNA.A second transesterification reaction between the free hydroxyl terminus of the noncovalently bound DNA strand and the phosphotyrosine linkage reseals the break in the DNA. Usually, this second reaction restores the original phosphodiester bond;however, under certain conditions, DNA topoisomerases may be induced to transfer one end of a DNA to a different DNA end.In the case of site specific recombinases, such as Flp in yeast, this transfer of DNA strands is precisely regulated to effect the integration and/or excision of DNA at specific sites.
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