compression force to the first peak of force, when sample
extrusion began. Compression force was calculated as the
mean force from the first peak force to the final compression
point. In the jam medium tests, the gel strength, rupture
strength, compression area and adhesiveness were
reported. Gel strength was calculated as the force at 1 s
of penetration, where little deformation has occurred.
The maximum positive force, i.e. the point where medium
breaks, was reported as rupture strength. Results are an
average of 3–5 jam replicates from each line