single evaluation. Due to the comprehensiveness of this type of evaluation, it usually requires application of both qualitative and quantitative approaches to evaluate the action model and the change model as shown in Figure 1. For example, the evaluation of a garbage reduction program in Taiwan (Chen et al., 1997) was an integrative process/outcome evaluation. Garbage was collected by government sanitation workers on a daily basis in Taiwan. In order to reduce the ever-increasing amount of garbage, a policy of no garbage dumping and no garbage collection on each Tuesday was established for a community to encourage residents’ garbage reduction. In the process evaluation, evaluators used field observations to monitor and determine whether the residents were adequately informed about the new policy and whether the sanitation workers were diligently preventing residents from dumping garbage on Tuesdays. Quantitative methods were used to assess the number of residents who violated the policy and received verbal warnings or fines. In the outcome evaluation, a multiple-group interrupted time-series design (Cook & Campbell, 1979) and a survey were used to assess the change model and determine whether the policy encouraged residents to produce less garbage in the community.