To reach a weight loss of around
30 %wt, a torrefaction temperature ranging from 280 to 290 °C and a
residence time of 30 min were applied. And in all the experiments, the
heating rate of the pellets was set at ~15 °C/min, which was the typical
temperature used for biomass torrefaction in laboratory studies. Shang
et al. [11] reported a total weight loss of 41.9%wt for Scots pine pellets
with a 9.8% moisture content, torrefied at 270 °C for 60 min.