Each sample (25 g) was extracted with ethanol (500 ml) for 30 min, and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness under vacuum. The final dried extracts of twigs and root bark were named as EEMT (ethanolic extract of mulberry twigs) and EEMR (ethanolic extract of mulberry root bark) and then used in HPLC analysis. Afterwards, samples were stored in sealed glass vials in a refrigerator at -80 qC prior to analysis. Percentage yields of EEMT and EEMR were respectively 8.8% and 14.1% of dry weight.