Coagulation, as a physicochemical pretreatment process, is most
widely and successfully used due to its low cost and relatively easy
operation. Coagulation combined with UF is a promising process with
respect to the removal of contaminants [36], the maintenance of a high
membrane performance, and the reduction of subsequent formation of
disinfection by-product [4]. Coagulants are lingering between organic
macromolecules and inorganic salts. This report here only discusses the
application of inorganic coagulants, such as aluminum and ferric salts,
which are commonly used in drinking water production. Organic coagulantswhich
are not frequently used in pretreatment for ultrafiltration,
therefore, are not discussed in this report.