A high proportion of cohort members, especially females, were passive smokers at home and at public
transport stations; males were more exposed at workplace and recreational places. We observed a social gradient with
more passive smoking in poorer people. We also observed a dose response relationship linking graded smoke
exposures (current, former, passive, non-exposed) to less wellbeing and more psychological distress (p-trend < 0.001).
Female smokers in general had less wellbeing and more distress