Proper disposal of MSW is a necessity to minimize environmental health impacts and degradation of
land resources. In developing countries, MSW is commonly disposed of by transporting and discharging
in open dumps, which are environmentally unsafe. Systematic disposal methods are composting, land
filling and incineration. Looking at the most common disposal methods in the study countries indicate the
share of open dumping to be 90% in India, 85% in Sri Lanka, 65% in Thailand and 50% in China (Figure
1). The so-called landfill is mostly covering refuse in the dumpsite by soil neither with proper technical
input nor with treatment of the emerging emissions to water, air and soil.