This paper develops a model of organizational culture and
effectiveness based on four traits of organizational cultures;
involvement, consistency, adaptability, and mission. These
traits are examined through two linked studies: In the first,
qualitative case studies of five firms are used to identify the
traits and the nature of their linkage to effectiveness; In the
second, a quantitative study provides an exploratory analysis
of CEO perceptions of these four traits and their relation to
subjective and objective measures of effectiveness in a sample
of 764 organizations. The results show support for the predictive
value of the traits, and help to illustrate the complementarity
of qualitative and quantitative methods for studying
organizational cultures.