Galbraith (1990) and Stiglitz (2002) examine how during times of speculation, bubbles' develop. When an asset is increasing in price it attracts new buyers who think that prices will continue to rise. This increases demand for the asset and its price goes up. With prices increasing fast, investors come in to take advantage of the easy profits to be made. Euphoria develops as people start to believe that the upward movement in prices will always continue. As the value of the asset rises, investors are able to use it as security to borrow money from the banks to buy more of the asset. However, inevitable, there comes a turning point where some people decide to leave the market. The resulting fall in prices causes panic in the market with investors rushing to offload their assets leading to a market collapse. Stiglitz (2002) makes the point that the high levels of optimism or euphoria caused by bubbles is often followed by times of extreme pessimism and recession. Financial crises spread easily both domestically and internationally. For example, a banking crisis can make borrowing more difficult and costly for firms and consumers. This could cause them to reduce their demand for products and services leading to bankruptcies and connected unemployment. In an increasingly increasing world, a financial crisis in one country can very quickly spread to others as happened during the South East Asian crisis of the late 1990s and the credit crunch of 2007.