As we have seen, the principal is responsible for creating school conditions that are focused on student learning outcomes (Hallinger, 2011; Hoy, 2012; Hoy 8c Miskel, 2013). The meta-analyses demonstrate that school leadership and specifically instructional leadership—positively impacts student achievement; principals clearly play an essential role in improving student learning (Hallinger 8c Heck, 1996; Leithwood et al., 2004; Marzano et ah, 2005; Robinson et ah, 2008).