2 Formulation of the Problem
Figure 1 shows the radiation of electromagnetic energy from a
mobile phone to a heterogeneous human head model. Due to an
ethical consideration, exposing a human to electromagnetic fields
for experimental purposes is limited. It is more convenient to develop
a realistic human head model through numerical simulation.
In Sec. 3, an analysis of specific absorption rate and heat transfer
in the layered human head exposed to mobile phone radiation will
be illustrated. The system of governing equations as well as initial
and boundary conditions is solved numerically using the finite element
method via COMSOLTM MULTIPHYSICS.
3 Methods and Model
The first step in evaluating the effects of a certain exposure to
radiation in the human head is the determination of the induced internal
electromagnetic field and its spatial distribution. Thereafter,
electromagnetic energy absorption which results in temperature
increases within the human head and other interactions will be
considered.
3.1 Physical Model. In this study, a patch antenna of a mobile
phone located at the left side of a human head with a certain
position is considered as a near-field radiation source for human
head models. Figure 2(a) shows the three-dimensional human
head model with the patch antenna used in this study. This model
comprises four types of tissue including skin, fat, skull, and brain.
These tissues have different dielectric and thermal properties. Figure
2(b) and Table 1 give adult and child head dimensions used in
this study, which are directly taken from statistical body-size data
[14]. The dielectric properties of tissues at the frequency of 900 MHz
and thermal properties are given in Tables 2 and 3, respectively.
There are insufficient data of thermal properties for children in the
literature; therefore, there is no distinction between the adult and
children.
3.2 Equations for Electromagnetic Wave Propagation
Analysis. Mathematical models are developed to predict the electric
field and SAR with relation to temperature gradients within
the human head. To simplify the problem, the following assumptions
are made:
(1) Electromagnetic wave propagation is modeled in three
dimensions.
(2) The human head in which electromagnetic waves interact
with the human head proceeds in free space.
2 Formulation of the Problem
Figure 1 shows the radiation of electromagnetic energy from a
mobile phone to a heterogeneous human head model. Due to an
ethical consideration, exposing a human to electromagnetic fields
for experimental purposes is limited. It is more convenient to develop
a realistic human head model through numerical simulation.
In Sec. 3, an analysis of specific absorption rate and heat transfer
in the layered human head exposed to mobile phone radiation will
be illustrated. The system of governing equations as well as initial
and boundary conditions is solved numerically using the finite element
method via COMSOLTM MULTIPHYSICS.
3 Methods and Model
The first step in evaluating the effects of a certain exposure to
radiation in the human head is the determination of the induced internal
electromagnetic field and its spatial distribution. Thereafter,
electromagnetic energy absorption which results in temperature
increases within the human head and other interactions will be
considered.
3.1 Physical Model. In this study, a patch antenna of a mobile
phone located at the left side of a human head with a certain
position is considered as a near-field radiation source for human
head models. Figure 2(a) shows the three-dimensional human
head model with the patch antenna used in this study. This model
comprises four types of tissue including skin, fat, skull, and brain.
These tissues have different dielectric and thermal properties. Figure
2(b) and Table 1 give adult and child head dimensions used in
this study, which are directly taken from statistical body-size data
[14]. The dielectric properties of tissues at the frequency of 900 MHz
and thermal properties are given in Tables 2 and 3, respectively.
There are insufficient data of thermal properties for children in the
literature; therefore, there is no distinction between the adult and
children.
3.2 Equations for Electromagnetic Wave Propagation
Analysis. Mathematical models are developed to predict the electric
field and SAR with relation to temperature gradients within
the human head. To simplify the problem, the following assumptions
are made:
(1) Electromagnetic wave propagation is modeled in three
dimensions.
(2) The human head in which electromagnetic waves interact
with the human head proceeds in free space.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..

2 Formulation of the Problem
Figure 1 shows the radiation of electromagnetic energy from a
mobile phone to a heterogeneous human head model. Due to an
ethical consideration, exposing a human to electromagnetic fields
for experimental purposes is limited. It is more convenient to develop
a realistic human head model through numerical simulation.
In Sec. 3,การวิเคราะห์เฉพาะอัตราการดูดซึมและการถ่ายโอนความร้อน
ในชั้นมนุษย์หัวสัมผัสกับโทรศัพท์มือถือรังสีจะ
เป็นภาพประกอบ ระบบของสมการควบคุมเช่นเดียวกับการเริ่มต้นและเงื่อนไขขอบเขตจะแก้ไขตัวเลข
ใช้วิธีองค์ประกอบจำกัดผ่าน comsoltm multiphysics .
3
วิธีการและรูปแบบในขั้นตอนแรก ศึกษาผลการเปิดรับแน่นอน
รังสีในศีรษะมนุษย์ คือปณิธานของการเหนี่ยวนำสนามแม่เหล็กไฟฟ้าภายใน
และพื้นที่การจำหน่าย หลังจากนั้น
พลังงานแม่เหล็กไฟฟ้าการดูดซึมซึ่งผลในการเพิ่มอุณหภูมิ
ภายในหัวมนุษย์และปฏิกิริยาอื่นๆ จะถือว่า
.
3.1 แบบจำลองทางกายภาพ ในการศึกษานี้ , แพทช์เสาอากาศของมือถือ
phone located at the left side of a human head with a certain
position is considered as a near-field radiation source for human
head models. Figure 2(a) shows the three-dimensional human
head model with the patch antenna used in this study. This model
comprises four types of tissue including skin, fat, skull, and brain.
These tissues have different dielectric and thermal properties. Figure
2(b) and Table 1 give adult and child head dimensions used in
this study, which are directly taken from statistical body-size data
[14]. The dielectric properties of tissues at the frequency of 900 MHz
and thermal properties are given in Tables 2 and 3, respectively.
There are insufficient data of thermal properties for children in the
literature; therefore,ไม่มีความแตกต่างระหว่างผู้ใหญ่และเด็ก
.
3.2 สมการการวิเคราะห์การแพร่กระจาย
คลื่นแม่เหล็กไฟฟ้า แบบจำลองทางคณิตศาสตร์ได้ถูกพัฒนาเพื่อพยากรณ์ไฟฟ้า
สนามและ SAR มีสัมพันธ์กับการไล่ระดับสีอุณหภูมิภายใน
หัวมนุษย์ เพื่อลดความซับซ้อนของปัญหา สมมติฐานต่อไปนี้เกิดขึ้น :
( 1 ) การแพร่กระจายของคลื่นแม่เหล็กไฟฟ้าแบบ 3
)(2) The human head in which electromagnetic waves interact
with the human head proceeds in free space.
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