D. Mobile Application We have developed a smartphone application to enable users to remotely monitor and control the connected farm, as shown in Figure 5. Currently, the application is developed for the Android-based smartphones. End users can monitor environmental conditions of the connected farm and control the controller deployed in the connected farm in real-time. For smart farming services, the application provides two main menu. Figure 5a shows the monitoring menu. The monitoring menu allows end users to check the environmental conditions of the connected farm including temperature, humidity, CO2, and illumination. All the environmental variables collected at a 20-second interval can be retrieved from the Mobius, and plotted in a graph. Figure 5b shows the control menu. By pushing buttons in the control menu, end users can remotely control the controller deployed in the connected farm. As described in Section 2, all the interfaces used in the smartphone application are REST APIs provided the Mobius. This implies that any application developers who are familiar with the REST APIs can develop more user-friendly, easy-touse GUI applications than our prototype one, which explains exactly our design principle for IoT-based connected farms.