4. The Proposed Algorithm
3.1 The energy consumption model
In this paper, we propose an energy management algorithm based on flow scheduling and
cell switching on/off as defined in Fig. 3. The algorithm switches on BSs in sleeping mode
when a new flow enters into the cell, and switches off active BSs when no flows enters the BS
or when the flows can be scheduled onto a neighboring small cell. Cells need to change their
on-off states by the scheduling scheme on the controller. Different scheduling schemes will
lead to different energy consumption. We can define the different scheduling schemes with
parameters for a single small cell. The total power consumption is P. The