The diuretic action of ethanol is well recognized, and Shakespeare referred to this in the drunken porter’s response to Macduff [12]. Eggleton [13] quantified this effect, and estimated an excess urine production of about 10 mL for each gram of ethanol ingested. She also reported that the diuretic action was greatly attenuated, or eliminated altogether, in individuals who were already hypohydrated. Subsequent studies showed that alcohol acts via suppression of the release of antidiuretic hormone from the pituitary gland. Shirreffs and Maughan [14] confirmed the early report of Eggleton [13] when they showed that alcohol has a negligible diuretic effect when consumed in dilute solution following a moderate level of hypohydration induced by exercise in the heat. There appears to be no difference in recovery from dehydration whether the rehydration beverage is alcohol-free or contains up to 2% alcohol, but drinks containing 4% alcohol tend to delay the recovery process by promoting urine loss (Fig. 1). Based on the
data of Eggleton [13], however, it is apparent that concentrated alcohol solutions will result in net negative fluid balance; a 25-mL measure of spirits (40% ethanol) contains 10 mL of alcohol and 15 mL of water, resulting in a urine output of about 100 mL and net negative
water balance of 85 mL. Ingestion of large volumes of dilute alcohol will result in a water diuresis, but should promote restoration of fluid balance after sweat loss provided that there is also an intake of sodium, which is essential for restoration of euhydration [15].
The diuretic action of ethanol is well recognized, and Shakespeare referred to this in the drunken porter’s response to Macduff [12]. Eggleton [13] quantified this effect, and estimated an excess urine production of about 10 mL for each gram of ethanol ingested. She also reported that the diuretic action was greatly attenuated, or eliminated altogether, in individuals who were already hypohydrated. Subsequent studies showed that alcohol acts via suppression of the release of antidiuretic hormone from the pituitary gland. Shirreffs and Maughan [14] confirmed the early report of Eggleton [13] when they showed that alcohol has a negligible diuretic effect when consumed in dilute solution following a moderate level of hypohydration induced by exercise in the heat. There appears to be no difference in recovery from dehydration whether the rehydration beverage is alcohol-free or contains up to 2% alcohol, but drinks containing 4% alcohol tend to delay the recovery process by promoting urine loss (Fig. 1). Based on thedata of Eggleton [13], however, it is apparent that concentrated alcohol solutions will result in net negative fluid balance; a 25-mL measure of spirits (40% ethanol) contains 10 mL of alcohol and 15 mL of water, resulting in a urine output of about 100 mL and net negativewater balance of 85 mL. Ingestion of large volumes of dilute alcohol will result in a water diuresis, but should promote restoration of fluid balance after sweat loss provided that there is also an intake of sodium, which is essential for restoration of euhydration [15].
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