Due to the important role of thyroid disorders on reproductive health of the women
of childbearing age, pregnancy outcome, fetal health, and neurodevelopment of the
infant, providing comprehensive assessment of the treatments used for preventing
hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism seems to be essential. Therefore, evaluating
the efficacy of different treatments of the thyroid disorders would be beneficial in
better managing and controlling the disease during pregnancy. Hypothyroidism (a
deficiency of thyroid hormone) is a common thyroid disorder, which might increase
the incidence rate of miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, placental abruption, and preterm
delivery. Hyperthyroidism, which is not a common disorder during the pregnancy
not only leads to similar adverse effects as hypothyroidism but also can result
in stillbirth and intrauterine growth restriction. Levothyroxine is the preferred
treatment of hypothyroidism and the only drug therapy recommended for treating
hyperthyroidism during pregnancy. In this study, we aimed to briefly review the
adverse effects of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism during pregnancy and
review the effects of recent suggested treatments for controlling thyroid disorders
on pregnancy outcomes.