• Budget line allocations:
recipients can be public or
private providers.
• Block grants: recipients can
be public or private.
• Matching or partial
matching funds:
government “matches” a
predetermined level of
investment while service
providers or households
finance the remainder.
• Vouchers: recipients can
be public or private
providers, or program
participants.
• Direct subsidy for specific
program elements (e.g.,
staffing salaries, physical
plant development,
curriculum, quality
assurance systems, etc.):
recipients can be public or
private providers.
• Conditional cash transfers:
recipients are usually
program participants.