2.4. Extinction of cocaine-seeking behaviorExtinction was conducted in 3-h daily sessions, during which anose poke in the active port resulted in a 20 s presentation of thewhite LED, but no cocaine delivery. Nose pokes made in the inactiveport had no programmed consequences. Extinction sessionscontinued for each subject until the number of previously reinforcedresponses (active port) in a given session was <20% ofextinction day 1 levels.2.5. Viral vectorsAdeno-associated virus (AAV) vector was used to geneticallytarget third-generation halorhodopsin (NpHR), a light-activatedchloride pump, to IL pyramidal neurons. CaMKIIaTNpHR-eYFP andCaMKIIaTeYFP cassettes were packaged in AAV vectors serotypedwith AAV5 coat proteins (titers: 3.0 e 6.0 1012 genome copies/mL)by the Vector Core at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
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