Kandasamy et al. [32] suggested that medium hormonal composition plays an important role in determining the type of cells of the explant which would undergo division, phytohormones are evidently involved in the switch-over from the mitotic cell cycle to the endomitotic cell cycle and vice versa, auxin generally stimulates DNA synthesis, cell division, cell expansion, cell differentiation, and organ initiation while cytokinin acts as a trigger for mitosis and callus proliferation [33], and auxins and cytokinins like 2,4-D and BA are also known to induce the rapid synthesis of specific mRNAs and proteins suggesting that they are necessary to regulate these growth processes. Exogenous application of hormones initiates a variety of biochemical events, that culminate in processes directed to the cytoskeleton by the activation of the family of
transcription factor genes, called “auxin response factors” and “cytokinin response factors” [34,35].