An LER plot greater than 1 indicates that the intercropping
combination overyielded; that an increase in yield with intercropping
was observed compared to growing each component crop in
monoculture. An LER plot lower than 1 indicates a decrease in yield
with intercropping compared to growing each component crop in
monoculture. LER can also be thought of as the relative area of land
required to produce the same yields in monoculture as those in
intercropping mixtures (Mead and Willey, 1980). Production was
also expressed on a per plant basis and analyzed using ANOVA in
JMP 10.0.2 statistical software (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA).2