Forty grams (dry weight) of field moist soil was placed into a 50 mL beaker. The glyphosate herbicide was applied in a 1 mL aliquot, and 1 mL aliquot of deionized water was added to the control. Then, the soil was wetted to two thirds of the field capacity. The beakers were placed in air tight 1 L mason jars alongside a beaker of sodium hydroxide to trap evolved CO2. The jars were incubated at 20 °C. Each treatment was replicated three times.