Meanwhile, due to the dramatic rise of land value in the citycenter and more stringent environmental performance standards,manufacturing factories which used to locate in the city properhave had to move to designated industrial clusters in the peripheralareas. Accompanied with the relocation of factories, some pub-lic facilities such as universities and hospitals have also moved toperi-urban areas. Another driver behind the land development ofperi-urban areas is national, provincial or municipal level “flagship”economic and technological development zones (ETDZs) outsidelarge cities, usually developed by municipalities (Webster andMuller, 2002). The establishment of such zones has helped boostthe economy of peri-urban areas, and created numerous job oppor-tunities.