There are certainly dangers in concentrating too much emphasis on intermediate- and lower-level abstractions. Some might seek to abandon higher-level abstractions, touting the lower-level concepts as replacements for them. Cooke (1987), for instance, appears to be distancing himself from working with the more abstract elements of Marxism, having replaced it with a restructuring theory’ consisting of low-level abstractions referring to stages of regional development. The locality research Cooke (1986) outlines appears not to envisage invoking higher-level abstractions in its explanations. Similarly, Massey (1984) is taken to task by Cochrane (1987: 358-359) for making reference to more abstract theories of capitalism without actually making any use of them in explanation.