were systematically investigated and included prepartum and
intrapartum hemorrhage, PPH, complicated ectopic pregnancy, abor-
tion, or other severe hemorrhage (e.g. wound hematoma).
In the present secondary analysis, data were used for women with
obstetric complications. They were initially divided by whether the
complications were due to PPH or another cause. The prevalences of
PLTC, MNM, and maternal death were calculated and compared be-
tween the two subgroups. Health indicators related to maternal mor-
bidity and mortality were estimated according to WHO criteria [16].
These indicators included the MNM ratio, the severe maternal outcome
(SMO) ratio (defined as the sum of MNM plus maternal death), the ratio
of MNM to maternal death, the mortality index, and the maternal mor-
tality ratio (MMR).