Resource transfers over time are essential in the seasonal agricultural economies of the rural areas of many poor nations. It is not surprising that much effort has been placed into 2 attempts to understand rural loan transactions and the role of credit in the rural economy by focusing on this central aspect of credit transactions (see most recently Datta et al. [1988]). This was not always the case. Prior to the 1970s, rural credit was often viewed as a direct input into agricultural production. As with any other factor of production, an expansion of the supply of credit would lead to an increase in agricultural output. The seminal work of the "Ohio State" school of economists transformed the literature. Although these authors were concerned primarily with the design of formal sector interventions, they also examined the operation of informal rural credit
markets. The conclusion they reach, that the moneylender is "an efficient fellow who
provides a valuable service to his clients," as Bell (1988, p. 767) summarizes, is less
important than their approach. They pioneered the investigation of the structure on informal
credit markets and in particular paid close attention to transactions costs and patterns of
competition (the earliest important example is that of Bottomley [1963a; 1964]). Their work
firmly established the notion that rural credit transactions occur in a market which transfers
resources across people and over time.
Resource transfers over time are essential in the seasonal agricultural economies of the rural areas of many poor nations. It is not surprising that much effort has been placed into 2 attempts to understand rural loan transactions and the role of credit in the rural economy by focusing on this central aspect of credit transactions (see most recently Datta et al. [1988]). This was not always the case. Prior to the 1970s, rural credit was often viewed as a direct input into agricultural production. As with any other factor of production, an expansion of the supply of credit would lead to an increase in agricultural output. The seminal work of the "Ohio State" school of economists transformed the literature. Although these authors were concerned primarily with the design of formal sector interventions, they also examined the operation of informal rural creditmarkets. The conclusion they reach, that the moneylender is "an efficient fellow whoprovides a valuable service to his clients," as Bell (1988, p. 767) summarizes, is lessimportant than their approach. They pioneered the investigation of the structure on informalcredit markets and in particular paid close attention to transactions costs and patterns ofcompetition (the earliest important example is that of Bottomley [1963a; 1964]). Their workfirmly established the notion that rural credit transactions occur in a market which transfersresources across people and over time.
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