[0073] ในหนึ่งรุรุ, papayas are harvested when they are mature but not yet ripe. In อีกหนึ่งรุรุ, the papayas are harvested when the dry matter content, by weight based on the weight of the papaya, is 17% or higher.
[0074] ในหนึ่งรุรุ, papayas are harvested and immediately (for example within two hours) placed into MAP before การเผยสู่ the สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน. In อีกหนึ่งรุรุ, the time from harvest to placement into MAP may be 30 days or less; 14 days or less; 7 days or less; or 2 days or less. In อีกหนึ่งรุรุ, harvested papayas are
placed into MAP after การเผยสู่ the สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน and prior to shipment, and the harvested papaya remain in the MAP during shipment.
[0075] ในหนึ่งรุรุ, papayas are harvested and, prior to being placed into MAP, the papayas are placed in pre-shipment storage. Such pre-shipment storage may be below room temperature, for example 15 °C or lower; or 7 °C or lower. After such storage, the papaya may be placed in to MAP and then shipped to their destination.
[0076] In อีกหนึ่งรุรุ, papayas are shipped to a destination that is near the intended point of consumption or else are harvested near the intended point of consumption and/or sale. As used herein, "near the intended point of consumption and/or sale" means a location from which it is capable to transport the papaya to the point of consumption in 3 days or fewer by truck or other surface transportation.
[0077] ในหนึ่งรุรุ where papayas are placed into a พีพี after การเผยสู่ the สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน (for example, papayas are exposed to an
atmosphere that contains a สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน while the papayas are not in an MAP), papayas are placed into an MAP after the conclusion of the การเผยสู่ the atmosphere that contains a สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน, and the papaya then remain in the MAP for at least two hours.
[0078] In อีกหนึ่งรุรุ where papayas are placed into a modified-atmosphere
package after การเผยสู่ the สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน, the papayas are kept at temperature of
10 °C or above from the conclusion of the การเผยสู่ the atmosphere that contains a
สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน until the papayas are placed into the MAP. In a further
embodiment, the time period from the conclusion of the การเผยสู่ the atmosphere that
contains a สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน until the papayas are placed into the MAP may be eight hours or less; four hours or less; two hours or less; or 1 hour or less.
[0079] In อีกหนึ่งรุรุ where papayas are placed into a modified-atmosphere
package after การเผยสู่ the สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน, the papayas are kept at temperature below 10 °C from the conclusion of the การเผยสู่ the atmosphere that contains a
สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน until the papayas are placed into the MAP. In a further
embodiment, the temperature at which papayas are kept from the conclusion of the การเผยสู่ the atmosphere that contains a สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน until the papayas are placed into the MAP may be 7 °C or lower. In another รุรุเพิ่มเติม, the time period from the conclusion of the การเผยสู่ the atmosphere that contains a สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน until the papayas are placed into the MAP may be between ten minutes to two months.
[0080] ในหนึ่งรุรุ where the papayas are in a พีพี
during การเผยสู่ the สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน (for example, papayas are exposed to an
atmosphere that contains a สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน while the papayas are in a MAP), there is an improvement in the pulp firmness retention of the papaya that can be seen even on
completion of the exposure of the papaya to the สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน.
[0081] In อีกหนึ่งรุรุ where the papayas are in a พีพี during การเผยสู่ the สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน, papayas are in an MAP for a time period of duration of 1 day or more, where that time period is after harvest and before การเผยสู่
atmosphere containing a สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน (herein called a "pre-X" time period). In a รุรุเพิ่มเติม, composition of the MAP ประกอบรวมด้วย โพลีเอไมด์.
[0082] In บางรุรุ, the papaya reside in an MAP for a storage time period that begins within 1 hour of the conclusion of the การเผยสู่ atmosphere containing
สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน (herein called a "post-X" time period). For example, post-X storage time period may begin within thirty minutes of the conclusion of the การเผยสู่
สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน; within fifteen minutes; within eight minutes; or within one minute. [0083] In อีกหนึ่งรุรุ where the papayas are in a พีพี during การเผยสู่ the สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน, the papayas are in an MAP during การเผยสู่ atmosphere containing สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน; if the papaya remain in the MAP
thereafter without being removed from the MAP, the post-X storage time period is considered to begin immediately upon the conclusion of the การเผยสู่ atmosphere containing
สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน. For example, the post-X storage time period may last for one day or longer; or 2 days or longer.
[0084] By "conclusion of exposing the papaya to a สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน," it is meant herein a time after which papaya have been exposed to a สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน as
described herein and at which the concentration of สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน in the
atmosphere around the papaya (or the atmosphere around the permeable surrounding device, if the papaya were in a permeable surrounding device during การเผยสู่ ไซโคลโพรพีน
สารประกอบ) falls below 0.5 ppb.
[0085] In บางรุรุ, suitable MAP is chosen or designed so that, when papayas are placed into the MAP and the MAP, with the papaya inside, is then exposed to atmosphere containing สารประกอบ ไซโคลโพรพีน, and then stored for 10 days at 16.7 °C, a certain pre-
determined atmosphere will be present in the MAP. ในหนึ่งรุรุ with the pre-
determined atmosphere, the amount of carbon dioxide, by volume based on the volume of the atmosphere inside the MAP, may be 1% or more; or 5% or more. In อีกหนึ่งรุรุ with the pre-determined atmosphere, the amount of carbon dioxide, by volume based on the volume of the atmosphere inside the MAP, may be 20% or less; or 15% or less. In อีกหนึ่งรุรุ with the pre-determined atmosphere, the amount of oxygen, by volume based on the volume of the atmosphere inside the MAP, may be 1% or more; 3% or more; or 5% or more. In อีกหนึ่งรุรุ with the pre-determined atmosphere, the amount of oxygen, by volume based on the volume of the atmosphere inside the MAP, may be 20% or less; or 15% or less.
[0086] The Oxygen Transmission Rate or OTR for a พีพี can be calculated from the work presented in literature or measured directly. For a
microperforated โพลีเมอร์ bag the OTR due to the permeability of the film at any given time can be theoretically calculated using Fick's law of diffusion where the permeability
coefficient for the โพลีเมอร์ film can be measured using a procedure as called out in ASTM method D3985 for 02. For this same microperforated bag the OTR due to the
microperforations can be calculated using a modified Fick's law of diffusion. The OTR at any given time is dependent on the 02 concentration driving force at that point of time. The OTR of the system can be measured by measuring the 02 partial pressure versus time and then plotting the natural log of the concentration gradient versus time. This is a convenient method in cases where there are not well validated models for the OTR such as microporous systems or unique combinations of approaches such as microporous patches combined with films or microperforated films.
EXAMPLES Example 1.
[0087] Papayas 'Golden' were harvested in Linhares — Espirito Santo — Brazil. The harvested fruits were packed in MAP Bags and put in cardboard boxes.
[0088] The appropriate weight of papayas was placed in each bag after harvest. Bags were placed in the same cardboard boxes used to export the fruits. Papayas then were cold stored at (11°C) at the Laboratory.
[0089] The Test Protocol that was used was as follows. 36 MAP bags were packed.
Each bag held approximately 3.8 kg (8.41b) of papayas. One such bag was packed in each cardboard box. Total weight of papayas in MAP bags was approximately 137 kg.
Approximately 91 kg of papayas were placed into cardboard boxes identical to those used for the MAP bags.
[0090] The MAP-packaged papayas were packaged as follows: Nine fruits,
approximately 3.8 kg were carefully placed into microperforated bags, and the bags were sealed by twisting the open side of the bag, folding down the twisted end, and placing a rubber band around the twisted and folded end of the bag.
[0091] The papayas were randomly divided into treatment sets as follows:
Table 1. Papaya treatment in this example
MCP Concentration
Number of CBs Bag Type Oppb 100ppb
24 CBs No MAP 12 CBs 12 CBs
36 CBs MAP Bag 12 CBs 12 CBs
[0092] Papayas are harvest in an early mature stage with a high firmness. According to
the FTA Machine (Firmness Texture Analyzer), the fruits have pulp internal firmness around
18 lbf and/or external firmness around 25 lbf one day after harvest.
[0093] All papayas were kept at cold temperature (11°C) during 27 days