Our research builds on expectancy value theory (Eccles & Wigfield, 2002).
According to the expectancy-value theory (Eccles & Wigfield, 2002), homework
motivation is conceptualized to have an expectancy and a value component. A
student's belief in being able to execute goal-oriented behavior successfully
represents the expectancy component. The value component has several facets: a)
attainment value (it is important to do well in the task of homework); b) intrinsic
value (homework is an enjoying task); c) utility value (homework will have a future
benefits); and d) cost (homework may represent punishment by exerting extra effort).
Other dimensions of motivation are also included in our study. Liking school, subject
value and self-concept are essential components of motivation (Marsh et al., 2012).