5.5. The Extension to Market Performance
Earlier studies, such as those of Jensen and Murphy (1990), Mehran
(1995), Aggarwal and Samwick (2006) and others, show that stockbased
compensation has a potential effect on a firm’s market performance.
To extend the previous finding in accounting performance, we
consider the market-based measure of firm performance proxied by
Tobin’s q, and re-examine the relations between stock-based compensation
and firm performance. We define Tobin’s q as (market value of
equity + book value of preferred stock + book value of debt)/(book
value of assets), where the market value of equity is calculated using
closing stock prices on the last trading day of the year. It is important
to note that we use the industry-adjusted measure of Tobin’s q (i.e.,
firm’s Tobin’s q—industry’s average Tobin’s q) to control the industry
effect. The industry averages are calculated on the basis of all firms
with the same two-digit SIC code as the sample firm. The results of
QR are in Table 9.
Table 9 shows that the stock-based/total variable is significantly
positive at the higher quantiles from 0.60 to 0.95, whereas it becomes
insignificant at the lower quantiles from 0.05 to 0.55. Moreover, the