Motivation to communicate-powerful groups often think they do not need to know much about other cultures.
Ex. Female managers learn more about male norms
2. Knowledge
Knowing yourself-your strengths and weaknesses
Learning about other cultures-superficial knowledge can create stereotypes: Germans are serious
Relational experience creates better knowledge: having a ladyboy friend.
Learning other languages
3. Attitudes
Tolerance for ambiguity-dealing with unknown situations