In 1984 Bonen and Keizer28 first reported that the primary
locus of EAMD is the GnRH pulse generator at hypothalamus.
Metabolic challenges alter the GnRH, LH and FSH surge, and
inhibit the HPO systemin part by increasing the sensitivity to the
negative feedback of estradiol. Such an EAMD-induced deficiency
in GnRH have been confirmed by several independent
research groups.29 In addition, our previous studies demonstrated
abnormal subcellular structural changes in GnRH neurons
from hypothalamus of female rats with EAMD, which
inevitably inhibit GnRH secretion.30 However, no significant
differences of serum GnRH level were found in rats among
groups R, O, G, and C in this study, suggesting that good rest
after intensive exercise or carbohydrate supplements intervention
can effectively reverse the EAMD-induced inhibition of
GnRH pulse generator. In addition, we found no significant
difference on serum FSH and LH levels. Recent studies suggested
that higher ghrelin and lower leptin secretion in female
athletes may contribute to altered LH pulsatility and exerciseinduced
amenorrhea.31 Since levels of FSH and LH in anestrus
were lower than in other menstrual phases, the changes caused
by EAMD and energy intake in this study might be limited.
Therefore, further investigation of EAMD-induced changes in
hormones of HPO axis in different menstrual cycle is needed.
In 1984 Bonen and Keizer28 first reported that the primarylocus of EAMD is the GnRH pulse generator at hypothalamus.Metabolic challenges alter the GnRH, LH and FSH surge, andinhibit the HPO systemin part by increasing the sensitivity to thenegative feedback of estradiol. Such an EAMD-induced deficiencyin GnRH have been confirmed by several independentresearch groups.29 In addition, our previous studies demonstratedabnormal subcellular structural changes in GnRH neuronsfrom hypothalamus of female rats with EAMD, whichinevitably inhibit GnRH secretion.30 However, no significantdifferences of serum GnRH level were found in rats amonggroups R, O, G, and C in this study, suggesting that good restafter intensive exercise or carbohydrate supplements interventioncan effectively reverse the EAMD-induced inhibition ofGnRH pulse generator. In addition, we found no significantdifference on serum FSH and LH levels. Recent studies suggestedthat higher ghrelin and lower leptin secretion in femaleathletes may contribute to altered LH pulsatility and exerciseinducedamenorrhea.31 Since levels of FSH and LH in anestruswere lower than in other menstrual phases, the changes causedby EAMD and energy intake in this study might be limited.Therefore, further investigation of EAMD-induced changes inhormones of HPO axis in different menstrual cycle is needed.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
In 1984 Bonen and Keizer28 first reported that the primary
locus of EAMD is the GnRH pulse generator at hypothalamus.
Metabolic challenges alter the GnRH, LH and FSH surge, and
inhibit the HPO systemin part by increasing the sensitivity to the
negative feedback of estradiol. Such an EAMD-induced deficiency
in GnRH have been confirmed by several independent
research groups.29 In addition, our previous studies demonstrated
abnormal subcellular structural changes in GnRH neurons
from hypothalamus of female rats with EAMD, which
inevitably inhibit GnRH secretion.30 However, no significant
differences of serum GnRH level were found in rats among
groups R, O, G, and C in this study, suggesting that good rest
after intensive exercise or carbohydrate supplements intervention
can effectively reverse the EAMD-induced inhibition of
GnRH pulse generator. In addition, we found no significant
difference on serum FSH and LH levels. Recent studies suggested
that higher ghrelin and lower leptin secretion in female
athletes may contribute to altered LH pulsatility and exerciseinduced
amenorrhea.31 Since levels of FSH and LH in anestrus
were lower than in other menstrual phases, the changes caused
by EAMD and energy intake in this study might be limited.
Therefore, further investigation of EAMD-induced changes in
hormones of HPO axis in different menstrual cycle is needed.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..