Professionals, such as early childhood educators, use words and terminology specific to their field. In each issue of TYC, readers will find a plain language definition of a term used in the issue, along with a brief example to clarify its meaning. Below is a growing glossary of early childhood terms that is updated after publication of each new issue of TYC.
B
Big books are large-size versions of children’s literature. While not every book for preschoolers is available in a big book format, many are. Everything about a big book is larger—illustrations, print, and overall size. Teachers use them when reading aloud to a group because it is easy for every child in the group to see the pictures and words. Big books are a great tool for helping children learn print concepts and encouraging children to join in with familiar words and predictable phrases. Big book read-aloud sessions help children understand left-to-right and top-to-bottom sequences, the difference between pictures and print, and concepts such as every book has a cover, title, pages, author, and illustrator.
C
In child-guided learning experiences, children make decisions about what they want to do, what they want to use or explore, and which classmates they want to play with. They make choices about their own learning, while teachers provide support. Children explore their interests, practice skills, and use previously built knowledge. Teachers can provide materials that expand on the child’s interest and ask questions to further children’s thinking. Teachers are involved, but children’s interests direct the experience.
For example, a child might find an interesting insect while outside on the playground. A teacher could take a picture of the insect, talk with the child who found it, and listen to her questions as she explores and learns more about her discovery. If other children shared her interest, they might count the number of legs, identify colors, and learn the name of the insect and what it needs to survive.
There are many resources for early childhood programs in the community. Budding relationships with members of the community—from store owners to firemen to librarians—can be formalized through community partnerships. These are two-sided relationships, with each side supporting the other and benefiting from the exchange. To create a community partnership, educators identify what they hope to get from the partnership and consider what they can contribute to the partner. Then they approach and work with the partner to finalize the arrangements.
D
Developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) is the use of teaching strategies that are based on knowledge of how young children develop and learn, what makes each child unique, and the child's community and family culture and home language. DAP activities are not too difficult or too easy, but just right.
G
Guidance, according to Dan Gartrell (2010), is not punishing children for making mistakes; it is helping children to learn from their mistakes. Guidance is not disciplining children for having problems they cannot solve, but assisting children to learn to solve their problems. Friendly humor is important in good guidance, and so are these three considerations:
1. When using guidance, teachers are firm when needed, but firm and friendly, not firm and harsh.
2. Teachers who use guidance do well to think of a child’s age in terms of months rather than years. They understand that young children are just beginning to learn difficult life skills that may take a lifetime to master.
3. A partnership between the teacher, the child, and the family is necessary for guidance to be effective.
Graphic organizers are visual representations of information, such as charts, diagrams, and webs. Teachers can use them to discover and organize what children already know and to support and extend children's learning. Children can use them to show what they already know and what they have learned about a given topic.
I
Teachers individualize when they
Professionals, such as early childhood educators, use words and terminology specific to their field. In each issue of TYC, readers will find a plain language definition of a term used in the issue, along with a brief example to clarify its meaning. Below is a growing glossary of early childhood terms that is updated after publication of each new issue of TYC. BBig books are large-size versions of children’s literature. While not every book for preschoolers is available in a big book format, many are. Everything about a big book is larger—illustrations, print, and overall size. Teachers use them when reading aloud to a group because it is easy for every child in the group to see the pictures and words. Big books are a great tool for helping children learn print concepts and encouraging children to join in with familiar words and predictable phrases. Big book read-aloud sessions help children understand left-to-right and top-to-bottom sequences, the difference between pictures and print, and concepts such as every book has a cover, title, pages, author, and illustrator.CIn child-guided learning experiences, children make decisions about what they want to do, what they want to use or explore, and which classmates they want to play with. They make choices about their own learning, while teachers provide support. Children explore their interests, practice skills, and use previously built knowledge. Teachers can provide materials that expand on the child’s interest and ask questions to further children’s thinking. Teachers are involved, but children’s interests direct the experience. For example, a child might find an interesting insect while outside on the playground. A teacher could take a picture of the insect, talk with the child who found it, and listen to her questions as she explores and learns more about her discovery. If other children shared her interest, they might count the number of legs, identify colors, and learn the name of the insect and what it needs to survive. There are many resources for early childhood programs in the community. Budding relationships with members of the community—from store owners to firemen to librarians—can be formalized through community partnerships. These are two-sided relationships, with each side supporting the other and benefiting from the exchange. To create a community partnership, educators identify what they hope to get from the partnership and consider what they can contribute to the partner. Then they approach and work with the partner to finalize the arrangements.DDevelopmentally appropriate practice (DAP) is the use of teaching strategies that are based on knowledge of how young children develop and learn, what makes each child unique, and the child's community and family culture and home language. DAP activities are not too difficult or too easy, but just right.GGuidance, according to Dan Gartrell (2010), is not punishing children for making mistakes; it is helping children to learn from their mistakes. Guidance is not disciplining children for having problems they cannot solve, but assisting children to learn to solve their problems. Friendly humor is important in good guidance, and so are these three considerations:1. When using guidance, teachers are firm when needed, but firm and friendly, not firm and harsh.2. Teachers who use guidance do well to think of a child’s age in terms of months rather than years. They understand that young children are just beginning to learn difficult life skills that may take a lifetime to master.3. A partnership between the teacher, the child, and the family is necessary for guidance to be effective.Graphic organizers are visual representations of information, such as charts, diagrams, and webs. Teachers can use them to discover and organize what children already know and to support and extend children's learning. Children can use them to show what they already know and what they have learned about a given topic.ITeachers individualize when they
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