Toreducetheinfluence ofthevariabili

Toreducetheinfluence ofthevariabilitybetweenpairsinthis
first study,tadpoleswerecollectedinasingleclutchfromonlyone
pair.Theclutchwasobtainedduringthespring,2008,under
outdoor conditionsfromapairmaintainedincaptivityina
landscaped pond.Theeggsweremaintainedundernaturaltem-
peratureandphotoperiodconditions.Hatchingtookplace15day
aftertheeggswerelaid.Assoonastadpolesreachedstage25
(Gosner,1960), theywerecounted,weighedandplacedintanks
under variousexperimentalconditions.Thetankswerekeptunder
controlledconditionsoftemperature,light,humidityanddis-
solvedoxygen.Undigestedfoodparticlesandfeceswereremoved
by suctiontwiceperday.Duringthetotalchangeofwater(oncea
week),tadpoleswerecapturedwithadipnetandplacedtem-
porarilyinatrayof10lofwaterfromtheoriginaltank(same
temperature).Betweenemptyingand filling, thetankswerewell
cleaned withabrushandwaterchlorinatedat5%andthenrinsed
with tapwater.Duringthistimethetadpolesweredrainedon
paper towelsandthenweighedtothenearest0.01g.Tempera-
tures intankswereagainadjustedbeforereplacingthetadpoles.
The rearingperiodwasspreadover12weeksanddiscontinued
when mostoftheaquariumsnolongershowedanytadpoles,but
only metamorphs.
The survivalrateandstageofdevelopmentweredetermined
relativetoarrivalatstage45correspondingtotheendof

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 1:

Toreducetheinfluence ofthevariabilitybetweenpairsinthisศึกษาแรก tadpoleswerecollectedinasingleclutchfromonlyoneคู่นี้ Theclutchwasobtainedduringthespring, 2008 ภายใต้กลางแจ้ง conditionsfromapairmaintainedincaptivityinaบ่อสวย Theeggsweremaintainedundernaturaltem-peratureandphotoperiodconditions Hatchingtookplace15dayaftertheeggswerelaid Assoonastadpolesreachedstage25(Gosner, 1960) theywerecounted, weighedandplacedintanksภายใต้ variousexperimentalconditions Thetankswerekeptundercontrolledconditionsoftemperature แสง humidityanddis-solvedoxygen Undigestedfoodparticlesandfeceswereremovedโดย suctiontwiceperday Duringthetotalchangeofwater (onceaสัปดาห์), tadpoleswerecapturedwithadipnetandplacedtem -porarilyinatrayof10lofwaterfromtheoriginaltank (เหมือนอุณหภูมิ) บรรจุ Betweenemptyingand thetankswerewellทำความสะอาด withabrushandwaterchlorinatedat5% andthenrinsedกับ tapwater Duringthistimethetadpolesweredrainedonกระดาษ towelsandthenweighedtothenearest0.01g.Tempera-tures intankswereagainadjustedbeforereplacingthetadpolesRearingperiodwasspreadover12weeksanddiscontinued การเมื่อ mostoftheaquariumsnolongershowedanytadpoles แต่metamorphs เท่านั้นSurvivalrateandstageofdevelopmentweredetermined การrelativetoarrivalatstage45correspondingtotheendof

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 2:

Toreducetheinfluence ofthevariabilitybetweenpairsinthis
แรก conditionsfromapairmaintainedincaptivityina ภูมิทัศน์ theywerecounted, weighedandplacedintanks ภายใต้ เติม thetankswerewell ทำความสะอาด withabrushandwaterchlorinatedat5% andthenrinsed กับ tapwater.Duringthistimethetadpolesweredrainedon กระดาษ towelsandthenweighedtothenearest0.01g.Tempera- Tures intankswereagainadjustedbeforereplacingthetadpoles. rearingperiodwasspreadover12weeksanddiscontinued เมื่อ mostoftheaquariumsnolongershowedanytadpoles แต่เพียง Metamorphs. survivalrateandstageofdevelopmentweredetermined relativetoarrivalatstage45correspondingtotheendof